In "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," Thomas S. Kuhn challenges the traditional view of science as a steady, cumulative process of discovery. Instead, Kuhn proposes that scientific progress occurs through a series of revolutionary shifts, or "paradigm shifts," where an existing framework is replaced by a new one that better explains the data. According to Kuhn, normal science operates under a consensus of beliefs and practices, known as a "paradigm," which guides what scientists study, the questions they ask, and the rules they follow. However, when anomalies or findings that cannot be explained by the current paradigm accumulate, a crisis occurs, leading to a scientific revolution. This new paradigm is not necessarily better in a conventional sense but is more compatible with the current observations. Kuhn's work reveals that science is not just a logical process but also a social one, influenced by historical and cultural contexts.
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